Peptides & Amino Acids

TET 830/Tetanus Toxin (830-844) peptide – QYIKANSKFIGITEL Tetanus Tetanus is a life-threatening condition caused by Clostridium tetani bacteria. After entering the body through a break in the skin, they produce a toxin that causes convulsions and severe muscle spasms, that can be strong enough to fracture bones of the spin. Tetanus toxin inhibits neurotransmitter release by binding to peripheral neuronal synapses. The substance will then be internalized and transported to the spinal cord where it will be able to move between postsynaptic and presynaptic neurons. For the time being, there is no cure for tetanus. Indeed, the extreme potency of the tetanospasmin toxin prevents immunity in infected people, leading to 30-40% deaths among this population. Symptoms usually start 4 to 21 days after infection, and most of the people get them after about 10 days. Tetanus vaccine Thanks to the widespread use of tetanus vaccines, infections are rare in many countries. However, this

RS09/Toll Like Receptor (TLR) 4 agonist – APPHALS Toll Like Receptors (TLRs) Toll Like Receptors (TLRs) are an important family of type I transmembrane Pattern Recognition Receptors (PRRs) that play a key role in activating and linking the innate immune system to adaptive immunity, by sensing invading pathogens or endogenous damage signals. TLRs are expressed on sentinel cells, including macrophages and dendritic cells, and there are ten functional receptors in human (TLR1–10) and twelve in mice (TLR1−9, 11−13). TLR4 and LPS recognition When TLRs are activated, they recruit specific adaptor proteins into the cytosol of immune cells. These adaptors act as messengers to activate transcription factors NF-κB and IRFs, which are the two major effectors of the Innate Immune Response (IIR). Among membrane-based TLRs, TLR4 is well known for recognizing lipopolysaccharides (LPS) on myeloid cells surface. These cells express LY96 (or MD-2) and CD14 proteins at high level, which are us

MAGE-A3 (112-120) peptide – KVAELVHFL – Epitope of Melanoma Antigen Gene A3 SB-PEPTIDE offers MAGE-A3 (112-120) HLA-A*02:01 KVAELVHFL T-cell epitope for antigen-specific T-cells stimulation in ELISPOT, ICS, cytotoxity or proliferation assays. MAGE-A3 protein MAGE-A3 (UniProt: P43357) is a tumor-specific protein expressed in more than 70% of metastatic melanomas, as well as a wide range of non-melanoma epithelial malignancies including lung, ovarian, bladder, head and neck carcinomas, multiple myeloma and hepatocellular carcinoma. MAGE-A3 shares 73% identity with MAGE-A1 protein (UniProt: P43355) and is recognized by autologous cytolytic T-lymphocytes (CTL). KVAELVHFL – HLA-A*02:01 T-cell epitope To stimulate antigen-specific T-cells, peptides are presented by major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I molecules on the surface of antigen-presenting cells (APCs). Usually, antigenic peptides are between 8 and 11 amino acids in length and exhibit MHC-specific sequenc

Protirelin – Thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH) (CAS: 24305-27-9) Thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH) Thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH) is a tripeptide hypothalamic regulatory hormone that regulates the release of thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH), as well as prolactin (for breasts growth and milk production during and after pregnancy). To obtain thyrotropin-releasing hormones, 6 pro-TRH peptides have first to be obtained from the larger preproTRH precursor (UniProt: P20396). These octapeptides are then cleaved between Arginine/Glutamine and Glutamine/Lysine residues to release 6 Gln-His-Pro-Gly peptides that will be enzymatically converted in pGln-His-Pro-NH2 peptides (pGln representing pyroglutamine). After TRH maturation (1) in neurons located in the pituitary gland, the hormone will be transported along axons (2) to reach the hypophyseal portal system via exocytosis (3). Once the thyrotrophs reached, thyrotropin-releasing hormone binds TRH-receptor (4) to enable TSH syn

Protirelin – Thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH) (CAS: 24305-27-9) Thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH) Thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH) is a tripeptide hypothalamic regulatory hormone that regulates the release of thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH), as well as prolactin (for breasts growth and milk production during and after pregnancy). To obtain thyrotropin-releasing hormones, 6 pro-TRH peptides have first to be obtained from the larger preproTRH precursor (UniProt: P20396). These octapeptides are then cleaved between Arginine/Glutamine and Glutamine/Lysine residues to release 6 Gln-His-Pro-Gly peptides that will be enzymatically converted in pGln-His-Pro-NH2 peptides (pGln representing pyroglutamine). After TRH maturation (1) in neurons located in the pituitary gland, the hormone will be transported along axons (2) to reach the hypophyseal portal system via exocytosis (3). Once the thyrotrophs reached, thyrotropin-releasing hormone binds TRH-receptor (4) to enable TSH syn

Haemagglutinin (HA) peptide YPYDVPDYA – HA Tag SB-PEPTIDE offers Human influenza hemagglutinin (HA) tag YPYDVPDYA, which is a well characterized 9 amino acids synthetic peptide deriving from an epitope of the original influenza hemagglutinin protein. Haemagglutinin surface fusion glycoprotein for viral entry Haemagglutinin (HA) (UniProt : P03437) is an envelope protein present in the viral membrane of influenza viruses. HA forms a trimer containing structurally distinct regions and an intact HA0 polypeptide composed of two subunits, called HA1 and HA2, connected by one disulfide bridge. Haemagglutinin (HA) 3D structure. HA tag SB-PEPTIDE_CAS: 92000-76-5 To initiate their fusion with their cellular hosts, influenza viruses first bind to sialic acids at the surface of respiratory epithelial cells. Following this interaction, they will enter the cell via endocytosis. Endosomal uptake of influenza virus - HA tag SB-PEPTIDE_CAS: 92000-76-5 Due to proton pumps on t

Haemagglutinin (HA) peptide YPYDVPDYA – HA Tag SB-PEPTIDE offers Human influenza hemagglutinin (HA) tag YPYDVPDYA, which is a well characterized 9 amino acids synthetic peptide deriving from an epitope of the original influenza hemagglutinin protein. Haemagglutinin surface fusion glycoprotein for viral entry Haemagglutinin (HA) (UniProt : P03437) is an envelope protein present in the viral membrane of influenza viruses. HA forms a trimer containing structurally distinct regions and an intact HA0 polypeptide composed of two subunits, called HA1 and HA2, connected by one disulfide bridge. Haemagglutinin (HA) 3D structure. HA tag SB-PEPTIDE_CAS: 92000-76-5 To initiate their fusion with their cellular hosts, influenza viruses first bind to sialic acids at the surface of respiratory epithelial cells. Following this interaction, they will enter the cell via endocytosis. Endosomal uptake of influenza virus - HA tag SB-PEPTIDE_CAS: 92000-76-5 Due to proton pumps on t

Huwentoxin IV (HwTx-IV) is a neurotoxin that was originally isolated from Haplopelma schmidti (Chinese bird spider). This lethal neurotoxin acts selectively on tetrodotoxin-sensitive (TTX-S) voltage-gated sodium channels, with an IC50 of 30 nM in rat DRG neurons. It preferentially inhibits neuronal voltage-gated sodium channel subtype hNav1.7 (SCN9A, IC50 is 26 nM), rNav1.2 (SCN2A, IC50 is 150 nM), and rNav1.3 (SCN3A, IC50 is 338 nM), compared with muscle subtypes rNav1.4 (SCN4A) and hNav1.5 (SCN5A) (IC50 is > 10 µM). Huwentoxin IV inhibits the activation of sodium channels by trapping the voltage sensor of domain II of the site 4 in the inward, closed configuration. Cy5-Huwentoxin IV is a fluorescently tagged version of Huwentoxin IV.

Cy5-ProTx-II is a fluorescently labeled ProTx-II, a famous Nav1.7 blocker. The wild type ProTx-II blocks Nav1.7 with an IC50 value of around 300 pM, Nav1.2, Nav1.5 and Nav1.6 with IC50 values of 41 nM, 79 nM and 26 nM respectively. The Cy5-ProTx-II version developed by Smartox has potent Nav1.7 blocking activity. It was shown to fully block Nav1.7 at 100 nM concentration.