Cell-based Assays

Betaine is a kind of quaternary ammonium type water-soluble alkaloid widely distributed in animals, plants and microorganisms. It is the oxidation product of choline in organism. It can enhance immunity, reduce blood lipid, resist oxidation and anti-tumor. It can also be used as a methyl donor to promote protein and fat metabolism, increase appetite, relieve stress, regulate osmotic pressure, stabilize vitamins and other biological functions It is widely used in chemical industry, medicine, food additive and other fields. CheKine TM Micro Betaine Content Assay Kit can be used to detect biological samples such as animal and plant tissues. In the kit, under strong acid conditions, betaine reacts with Raynaud salt to produce precipitation. The precipitation is dissolved in acetone to form a red solution. There is a characteristic absorption peak at 525 nm. The absorption value at 525 nm is determined to obtain the content of betaine in the sample.

Vitamin E (VE) is a fat-soluble vitamin whose hydrolysis product is tocopherol, one of the primary antioxidants in biological systems. It serves to prevent unsaturated fatty acids from oxidative damage, thereby maintaining the integrity and normal functionality of cell membranes composed of such acids. It possesses the ability to retard aging processes and is effective in preventing hemolytic anemia. Vitamin E holds considerable application value in the pharmaceutical, cosmetic, health supplement, and food industries.VE reduces Fe3+ions to Fe2+, whichsubsequently forms a colored complex with 1,10-phenanthroline. Thiscomplex exhibits a characteristic absorption peak at a wavelength of 530 nm.

Alcohol is the general name of alcoholic (ethanol) beverages, ethanol is the main component of alcohol, is one of the important indicators to measure the quality of wine. Ethanol can be used to manufacture acetic acid, beverages, flavors, dyes, fuels, etc. In medical treatment, ethanol with a volume fraction of 70% to 75% is commonly used as a disinfectant. Ethanol is widely used in chemical industry, medical care, food industry, agricultural production and other fields. CheKine™ Micro Ethanol Content Detection Kit can detect biological samples such as Animal and Plant Tissues, Cells, Bacteria, Serum or Plasma. In this kit, ethanol is oxidized and dehydrogenated to produce acetaldehyde under the catalysis of ethanol dehydrogenase, while NAD is reduced to NADH, which makes WST-8 orange color under the action of 1-mPMS. Ethanol content can be measured by the change of absorbance value at 450 nm.

Acetaldehyde dehydrogenase (EC 1.2.1.10, ALDH) is a kind of aldehyde dehydrogenase, which is widely present in various animals, plants and microorganisms. The main effect is the oxidation of acetaldehyde to acetic acid, which plays a major role in alcohol metabolism. In humans and many animals, mitochondrial aldehyde dehydrogenase (MDA) can convert alcohols that are harmful to organisms, so it has attracted great attention in the research of cellular detoxification. At the same time, aldehyde dehydrogenase has been widely used in molecular biology and the detection of related diseases. In the presence of coenzymeⅠ, acetaldehyde dehydrogenase catalyzes the conversion of acetaldehyde and NAD+ to acetate and NADH, and the absorbance value at 340 nm increases. The activity of acetaldehyde dehydrogenase can be calculated by measuring the absorbance value at 340 nm.

Formaldehyde is a non-specific reactive compound with proteins, nucleic acids and lipids, and is highly toxic to all organisms. As one of the family members of Zinc-containing medium chain alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH), formaldehyde dehydrogenase is widely present in prokaryotes and eukaryotes. This enzyme can use NAD+ as a coenzyme to oxidize toxic formaldehyde and is a key enzyme in the formaldehyde oxidation pathway. FDH catalyzes formaldehyde and NAD+ to produce NADH, and the absorbance value at 340 nm increases. The activity of FDH can be reflected by the change of absorbance value of NADH at 340 nm.

Glutaminase (GLS), which is mainly found in higher animals, some bacteria and plant roots, catalyzes the hydrolysis of glutamine to glutamate and ammonia. It plays an important role in the regulation of nitrogen metabolism, especially the content of free ammonia and urea metabolism. CheKine™ Micro Glutaminase (GLS) Activity Assay Kit can detect biological samples such as animal and plant tissues, bacteria and cells, serum or plasma. In this kit, GLS catalyzes the hydrolysis of glutamine to L-glutamate and ammonia, and its enzymatic activity can be calculated by detecting the rate of ammonia increase using Nessler's reagent.

Glutamate Decarboxylase (GAD) is the rate-limiting enzyme that converts glutamate into the inhibitory neurotransmitter γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA), a potent inhibitory neurotransmitter in the central nervous system, It can reduce blood pressure, promote brain vitality, nourish nerve cells, maintain neurostability, promote growth hormone secretion, protect liver and benefit kidney, and so on. At present, it has been widely used in medicine and health food. CheKine™ Micro Glutamate Decarboxylase (GAD) Activity Assay Kit can be used to detect biological samples such as animal tissue, serum or plasma. In this kit, GAD catalysed glutamate to produce GABA, and the berthelot reaction was used to measure GABA content and thus GAD activity.

γ-Aminobutyric Acid (GABA) is a non-proteinogenic amino acid consisting of four carbon atoms, which is widely present in the organisms of plants, animals, and microorganisms. Within plants, GABA is primarily generated through decarboxylation of L-glutamate catalyzed by glutamate decarboxylase. In the mammalian brain, GABA serves as an efficacious inhibitory neurotransmitter, exhibiting functions such as lowering blood pressure, enhancing brain vitality, nourishing nerve cells, maintaining neural stability, promoting growth hormone secretion, and benefiting liver and kidney health. It has already found extensive applications in both pharmaceuticals and health food products.Principle of Determination: GABA reacts with phenol and sodium hypochlorite, giving rise to a blue-green product that exhibits a maximum absorbance at 640 nm.