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Ubiquitin (Ub) is an 8 kDa  highly conserved polypeptide, commonly expressed in eukaryotic cells. Ub is added to lysine residues of the target proteins. This post-translational modification (known

Collagen is a structural protein expressed in mammalian tissues (ex. skin, muscles, tendons, ligaments, cartilages, blood vessels...).  Together with Elastin and Keratin, Collagen fibres give connective

Celastrol is a biologically active substance initially described in the traditional Chinese medicine. Celastrol (or (9ß,13α,14ß,20α)-3-Hydroxy-9,13-dimethyl-2-oxo-24,25,26-trinoroleana-1(10),3,5,7-tetraen-29-oic

Proteome is referenced as the result of expression of the whole genome. With the recent developments of genomics, one could consider that this analysis is enough to decipher any biological mechanism...

The Janus kinase (JAK) / Signal Transducer and Activator of Transcription (STAT) pathway a key regulator of cellular proliferation, differentiation, migration, apoptosis and survival. Numerous cytokines,

Deak AT et al. decipher the mechanisms by which mitochondria contribute to Ca2+ intracellular signaling. In their recent paper (1), they show that mitochondrial "Ca2+ buffering" close to the Endoplasmic

Professor Alan Clarke, (Director of the European Cancer Stem Cell Research Institute) has recently given an overview of how Cancer Stem cell tumors differ from the conventional "homogenous bulk cancer

Hyaluronic acid (also called HA or Hyaluronan) is a glycosaminoglycan with unique characteristics. HA possesses elevated viscosity, enabling tissues (eye, skin, joint and synovial fluid...) to resist

Paez-Gonzalez et al. (Duke University) have discovered a new population of choline acetyltransferase (ChAT)+ neurons present in the rodent subventricular zone (SVZ). (1) This niche is known

Angiogenesis is the growth process of new blood vessels from pre-existing one's. It's a normal physiological process, observed during embryonic development. But it's also a pathological process, essentially

During my daily discussions with researchers involved in in vitro iPS and Embryonic Stem cell cultures, I am always amazed by the passion that drives them. However, the more I go in depth with them in

Insulin and Glucagon are involved in glucose homeostasis in addition to other factors secreted by the adipose tissue (adipokines). Insulin and Glucagon are produced by the endocrine pancreas. While