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A cell is the basic structural and functional unit of life. They are all made up of a cytoplasm enclosed in a membrane, which contains molecules such as nucleic acids and proteins.

There are two

The COVID-19 pandemic has affected the entire world. This infection is caused by coronavirus SARS-CoV-2, and it strongly affects the respiratory tract.

To preserve the population, vaccines have

Clinical trials are the bedrock of medical research. They are conducted in distinct phases that we will detail in this article. But before clinical trials can even start, it is necessary to conduct preclinical

A cell is the basic functional and structural element that makes up the tissues and organs of living beings. Often considered as the smallest part of a living organism, it is made up of many other units,

More than two years ago, the whole planet got impacted by COVID-19. Over time, and with the help of our dedicated worldwide scientific research community, we have learnt how to prevent its spread and to

Over the past decades, and thanks to many specialised scientists and the support from the National Cancer Institute, cancer research has made some impressive advances.

Our body is amazing; it can

The ELISA test (acronym of Enzyme Linked ImmunoSorbent Assay) is a test principally used In immunology to detect and/or assay a protein, antigen or antibody in a biological fluid sample . It has many practical

There are several thousand types of different molecules in each cell (with some exceptions). These molecules are constantly changing and renewing themselves. Most of these molecules have a complex chemical

The enzymes are biomolecules, in other words molecules synthesised by living beings. Digestive enzymes are synthesised by the liver and pancreas but they are also provided by food. The other enzymes are

ADME is an abbreviation in pharmacokinetics (a branch of pharmacology that studies how substances act and remain in organisms) for “Absorption, Distribution, Metabolism, and Excretion”.

Amino acids play a crucial role in the structure, metabolism, and physiology of cells in all known living things, as constituents of peptides and proteins.

As such, they constitute the bulk of the

If you search on the internet the words “biological markers” or “biomarkers”, numerous results appear on your screen. These biomarkers, used in various fields including ecology, eco-toxicology and medical