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In my previous post, we focused on 6 cytokine growth factors for cell culture. This time, we will try to find the best factor for each main cell type.

The synergistic combination of Poly(ADP-ribose) polymerases (PARP) and Topoisomerase I (Top1) inhibitors most beneficial on endonuclease-deficient cancer cells in cancer therapies ?

This is one

Ubiquitin (Ub) is an 8 kDa  highly conserved polypeptide, commonly expressed in eukaryotic cells. Ub is added to lysine residues of the target proteins. This post-translational modification (known as ubiquitination)

Collagen is a structural protein expressed in mammalian tissues (ex. skin, muscles, tendons, ligaments, cartilages, blood vessels...).  Together with Elastin and Keratin, Collagen fibres give connective

Celastrol is a biologically active substance initially described in the traditional Chinese medicine. Celastrol (or (9ß,13α,14ß,20α)-3-Hydroxy-9,13-dimethyl-2-oxo-24,25,26-trinoroleana-1(10),3,5,7-tetraen-29-oic

Proteome is referenced as the result of expression of the whole genome. With the recent developments of genomics, one could consider that this analysis is enough to decipher any biological mechanism...

The Janus kinase (JAK) / Signal Transducer and Activator of Transcription (STAT) pathway a key regulator of cellular proliferation, differentiation, migration, apoptosis and survival. Numerous cytokines,

Deak AT et al. decipher the mechanisms by which mitochondria contribute to Ca2+ intracellular signaling. In their recent paper (1), they show that mitochondrial "Ca2+ buffering" close to the Endoplasmic Reticulum predominately shapes cytosolic Ca2+ micro-domains. To perform their studies, the authors used stable knock-down (KD) HeLa cellular models optimized for loss-of-function analysis.

Two proteins known to be essential for mitochondrial Ca2+ uptake (Mitochondrial Calcium Uniporter (MCU) or Uncoupling Protein 2 (UCP2)) have thus been stably silenced with sh-RNA engineered HeLa cell lines (MCU-KD and UCP2-KD HeLa cell lines). This shRNA technology has already been used in Drug Discovery approaches (ex. PARP inhibitors efficiency by Synthetic Lethality in Hypoxic conditions). (2)

Finally, the authors present two diagrams illustrating the role of mitochondrial Ca2+ uptake for Stromal Interacting Molecule 1 (STIM1) oligomerization and Store-Operated Ca2+ Entry (SOCE) maintainance in their HeLa cellular models.

Want to know more?

(1) Deak AT et al. "Inositol-1,4,5-trisphosphate (IP3)-mediated STIM1 oligomerization requires intact mitochondrial Ca2+ uptake" (2014) J Cell Sci. 2014 May 7. DOI: 10.1242/?jcs.149807

(2) Mennesson

Professor Alan Clarke, (Director of the European Cancer Stem Cell Research Institute) has recently given an overview of how Cancer Stem cell tumors differ from the conventional "homogenous bulk cancer

Hyaluronic acid (also called HA or Hyaluronan) is a glycosaminoglycan with unique characteristics. HA possesses elevated viscosity, enabling tissues (eye, skin, joint and synovial fluid...) to resist

Paez-Gonzalez et al. (Duke University) have discovered a new population of choline acetyltransferase (ChAT)+ neurons present in the rodent subventricular zone (SVZ). (1) This niche is known

Angiogenesis is the growth process of new blood vessels from pre-existing one's. It's a normal physiological process, observed during embryonic development. But it's also a pathological process, essentially