Chemicals & Small Molecules

FFN 511 hydrochloride is a fluorescent pseudo-neurotransmitters (FFNs) targeting neuronal vesicular monoamine transporter 2 (VMA T2).FFN 511 hydrochloride inhibits the binding of 5-hydroxytryptamine to VMA T2-containing membranes and can be used for labelling of dopaminergic nerve endings in acute slices of in vivo cortex-striatum. The excitation and emission maxima are 406 and 501 nm, respectively.

Activin A is a member of the TGFβ (transforming growth factor beta) family of proteins involved in embryonic development, hematopoiesis, cell proliferation, and cell differentiation. It is the ligand to the activin A receptor type I or type II. Upon binding, SMAD2 (mothers against decapentaplegic homolog 2) and SMAD3 are phosphorylated, complex with SMAD4 and translocate to the nucleus, regulating gene expression. Activin A can be found in macrophages, dendritic cells, and neutrophils, playing a role in cell maturation and activation. It is involved in inflammation and autoimmune disorders, such as SLE (systemic lupus erythematosus), RA (rheumatoid arthritis), and atopic dermatitis. It is also involved in bone formation. ActRIIA is a high affinity receptor, and that property can be explored for clinical applications. The use of fusion protein blockers of the activin signaling pathways, that serve as sinks for activin A and other TGFβ members, is being explored for the treatment of pulm

Activin A is a member of the TGFβ (transforming growth factor beta) family of proteins involved in embryonic development, hematopoiesis, cell proliferation, and cell differentiation. It is the ligand to the activin A receptor type I or type II. Upon binding, SMAD2 (mothers against decapentaplegic homolog 2) and SMAD3 are phosphorylated, complex with SMAD4 and translocate to the nucleus, regulating gene expression. Activin A can be found in macrophages, dendritic cells, and neutrophils, playing a role in cell maturation and activation. It is involved in inflammation and autoimmune disorders, such as SLE (systemic lupus erythematosus), RA (rheumatoid arthritis), and atopic dermatitis. It is also involved in bone formation. ActRIIA is a high affinity receptor, and that property can be explored for clinical applications. The use of fusion protein blockers of the activin signaling pathways, that serve as sinks for activin A and other TGFβ members, is being explored for the treatment of pulm

Lymphocyte-mediated cytotoxicity is a form of cellular immunity targeting intracellular pathogens, including viruses and certain bacteria and parasites. The most popular in vitro methods to monitor lymphocyte-mediated cytotoxicity of target cells are cell-mediated cytotoxicity assays such as ADCC (antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity) and TDCC (T cell-dependent cellular cytotoxicity), in which immune effector cells and target cells are co-cultured. To analyze immune effector cell cytolytic activity in such heterogeneous cell populations it is essential to be able to discriminate between effector and target cell populations, with distinct phenotypes. The use of a label prior to co-culture with effector cells, like the membrane-permeable fluorescent dye CSFE (carboxyfluorescein succinimidyl ester), able to stain live target cells permits a clear distinction between live effector and target cells. After incubation with target cells, the DNA intercalating dye 7-ADD can be added to labe

SPY7000-tubulin is a bright, far-red & non-toxic live cell microtubule stain based on SPY™ dyes series. Its optimized structure allows quick labeling of microtubules in live cells with high specificity and very low background. SPY650-tubulin stains microtubules in live cells without the need for genetic manipulation or overexpression of fluorescent proteins. Its absorbance and emission spectra are similar to Cy5. SPY650-tubulin enables multicolour imaging with SPY505, SPY555, SPY595, SPY700, GFP or m-cherry. SPY650-tubulin can be imaged with standard Cy5 filtersets. It can be used for widefield, confocal, SIM or STED imaging in living cells and tissue.

LysoTrack™ Red is a cell-permeable, non-fixable, red-fluorescent dye that selectively stains lysosomes in live cells. This dye has an excitation and emission maximum of 582/592 nm and can be efficiently excited using a TRITC filter. This probe is provided as 1 mM solution in DMSO.

PKmito Orange FX (also known as PKMO FX) is a bright, photostable, mitochondrial probe based on the PKmito™ dyes.