Sub Cellular Fraction

Since few transplanted cells persist in vivo, the beneficial effects of cell therapy may lie in the secreted factors being the active component of this treatment. A key part of paracrine secretion is Exosomes, which are membrane vesicles that are stored intracellularly in endosomal compartments and are secreted when these structures fuse with the cell plasma membrane. Exosomes contain protein, DNA, and RNA, thus making them an attractive vector of paracrine signals delivered by stem cells. Exosomes may also be "loaded" with predetermined proteins and nucleic acid to achieve a desired effect. Exosomes can be stored as an "off-the-shelf" product having the potential for circumventing many of the limitations of viable cells for therapeutic applications in regenerative medicine. In vitro, exosomes from pre-adipocytes stimulate cell proliferation in a wound healing model. In vivo, adipose-graft derived exosomes have been shown to be a promising tool for skin repair and remodeling

ZenBio human pre-adipocytes (adipose derived adult stem cells) and placental mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) are characterized by their self-renewing capacity and ability to differentiate into chondrocytes, adipocytes, and osteocytes. This makes them attractive starting materials for tissue engineering and regenerative medicine applications. Since few transplanted cells persist in vivo, the beneficial effects of cell therapy may lie in the secreted factors being the active component of this treatment. A key part of paracrine secretion is Exosomes, which are membrane vesicles that are stored intracellularly in endosomal compartments and are secreted when these structures fuse with the cell plasma membrane.

We offer pooled canine hepatic subcellular fractions isolated from Beagle dog liver tissue, demonstrating high enzyme activity level. Options include matching microsomal, S9, and cytosolic fractions from male or female donor pools to minimize variation in canine liver enzyme levels. We also offer dog liver microsomes treated with prototypical inducers for use as a positive control in ex vivo enzyme induction or other drug metabolism studies. Microsomes are supplied in 0.5 mL volume at a concentration of 20 mg/mL in 250 mM sucrose buffer. S9 (1 mL at 20 mg/mL) and cytosol (1 mL at 10 mg/mL) fractions are packaged in a suspension buffer containing 50 mM TRIS-HCI, (pH 7.4 at 4ºC), 150 mM KCI, and 2 mM EDTA. Please, contact your local Tebubio office for lot availability, specific criteria and to receive the lot-specific datasheet of your product.

Human liver microsomes contain a wide variety of drug metabolizing enzymes and are a recommended test system for assays including metabolite identification (MetID), metabolic stability, enzyme inhibition, reaction phenotyping, and other in vitro drug metabolism and pharmacokinetics (DMPK) studies. We offer pooled microsomes with representative averages of extensive and wide-ranging inter-individual differences in enzyme activity found in the general North America/USA population, as well as preparations from individual donors that have been genotyped for the presence of a specific single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP). Genotyped human liver microsomes can be used to investigate the influence of allelic variance on the safety and efficacy of new molecular entities. Please, contact your local Tebubio office for lot availability, specific criteria and to receive the lot-specific datasheet of your product.

Using intestinal subcellular fractions as a test system is highly recommended due to the importance of intestinal enzymes in the first-pass metabolism of many orally ingested xenobiotics, including cytochrome P450 (CYP), UDP-glucuronosyltransferase (UGT), and esterase enzymes. Consequences of intestinal biotransformation can be very significant, including toxification by bioactivation and detoxification by aiding in excretion.We offer pooled intestinal subcellular fractions demonstrating high enzyme activity levels. Options include microsomes, S9, and cytosol, from matching large donor pools to minimize variability. Intestinal microsomes are supplied in 250 mM sucrose buffer. S9 and cytosolic fractions are supplied in a homogenization buffer with or without Phenylmethylsulfonyl flouride (PMSF). Please, contact your local Tebubio office for lot availability, specific criteria and to receive the lot-specific datasheet of your product.

The kidney has many significant metabolic responsibilities including the hydroxylation of fatty acids and their derivatives, and is also a major site of drug-induced toxicity. Human kidney microsomes and S9 are commonly used in drug discovery and preclinical drug development to evaluate in vitro drug metabolism. Kidney microsomes are supplied in 250 mM sucrose buffer. S9 and cytosolic fractions are supplied in 50 mM TRIS-HCI, (pH 7.4 at 4ºC) containing 150 mM KCI and 2 mM EDTA. Please, contact your local Tebubio office for lot availability, specific criteria and to receive the lot-specific datasheet of your product.