Other Proteins

CD66b (cluster of differentiation 66b), also known as CEACAM8 (Carcinoembryonic antigen-related cell adhesion molecule 8), belongs to the CEA family of proteins and the immunoglobulin superfamily, and it is expressed in neutrophils, eosinophils, granulocytes, and monocytes. It was initially described as a granulocyte marker, but recent studies have shown that it is also involved in cell adhesion and is a pro-inflammatory mediator. It is highly glycosylated and binds to GPI (glycosylphosphatidylinositol). CD66b⁺ monocytes can be found in several cancer types and represent a population of cells that do not seem to be involved in immunosuppression but display high phagocytic activity and co-stimulate T cell proliferation and IFN-γ secretion. CD66b⁺ neutrophils are also present in the tumor microenvironment and it is believed these TIN (tumor infiltrating neutrophils) link to a poor prognosis and can be used to better classify patients for treatment. Anti-CD66b antibo

CD200 (cluster of differentiation 200), also known as OX-2, is a type 1 membrane glycoprotein of the immunoglobulin supergene family. It is structurally related to the B7 family of costimulatory receptors. It is found in cells of the myeloid and lymphoid lineage such as activated T and B cells, in neurons, endothelial cells, and cancer cells. Its expression depends on IFN-γ (interferon gamma) and TNF-α (tumor necrosis factor alpha), and it is regulated by C/EBP-β. When bound to CD200R (CD200 receptor) it contributes to the formation of an immunosuppressive TME (tumor microenvironment), via a Dok1 (docking protein 1), Dok2, and RasGAP dependent mechanism, leading to T cell responses inhibition, NK cell cytotoxicity decrease, potentiation of Treg cell expansion, and decrease of other immune responses to cancer cells. CD200 can be found in soluble form in the serum of cancer patients, linking to a poor prognosis. A splice variant missing exon 2, CD200tr, can also be formed and may act as

CD200 (cluster of differentiation 200), also known as OX-2, is type 1 membrane glycoprotein of the immunoglobulin supergene family. It is structurally related to the B7 family of costimulatory receptors. It is found in cells of the myeloid and lymphoid lineage, such as activated T and B cells, neurons, endothelial cells, and cancer cells. Its expression depends on IFN-γ (interferon gamma) and TNF-α (tumor necrosis factor alpha), and it is regulated by C/EBP-β. When bound to CD200R (CD200 receptor) it contributes to the formation of an immunosuppressive TEM (tumor microenvironment), via a Dok1 (docking protein 1), Dok2 and RasGAP dependent mechanism, leading to T cell responses inhibition, NK cell cytotoxicity decrease, potentiation of Treg cell expansion and decrease of other immune responses to cancer cells. CD200 can be found in a soluble form at high levels in the serum of cancer patients, linking to a poor prognosis. A splice variant missing exon 2, CD200tr, can also be formed, and

CD200 (cluster of differentiation 200), also known as OX-2, is type 1 membrane glycoprotein of the immunoglobulin supergene family. It is structurally related to the B7 family of costimulatory receptors. It is found in cells of the myeloid and lymphoid lineage, such as activated T and B cells, neurons, endothelial cells, and cancer cells. Its expression depends on IFN-γ (interferon gamma) and TNF-α (tumor necrosis factor alpha), and it is regulated by C/EBP-β. When bound to CD200R (CD200 receptor) it contributes to the formation of an immunosuppressive TEM (tumor microenvironment), via a Dok1 (docking protein 1), Dok2 and RasGAP dependent mechanism, leading to T cell responses inhibition, NK cell cytotoxicity decrease, potentiation of Treg cell expansion and decrease of other immune responses to cancer cells. CD200 can be found in a soluble form at high levels in the serum of cancer patients, linking to a poor prognosis. A splice variant missing exon 2, CD200tr, can also be formed, and

CD200R1 (cluster of differentiation 200 receptor 1), also known as OX-2R, is a transmembrane glycoprotein. It is found in cells of the myeloid and lymphoid lineage, such as CD4⁺ cells. It acts as immune inhibitory receptor, but contrary to other proteins with the same function, it does exhibit an ITIM (tyrosine-based inhibitory motif) domain. When bound to CD200 contributes to the formation of an immunosuppressive TEM (tumor microenvironment), via a Dok1 (docking protein 1), Dok2 and RasGAP dependent mechanism, leading to T cell responses inhibition, NK cell cytotoxicity decrease, potentiation of Treg cell expansion and decrease of other immune responses to cancer cells. In addition to cancer, CD200 is linked to auto-immune disorders, inflammation, infection, graft survival and cancer. Samalizumab, an anti-CD200 monoclonal antibody, has resulted in positive outcomes when used in patients suffering from CLL (chronic lymphocytic leukemia) and MM (multiple myeloma). Inhibition

CD200RI (cluster of differentiation 200 receptor 1), also known as OX-2R, is a transmembrane glycoprotein. It is found in cells of the myeloid and lymphoid lineage, such as CD4⁺ cells. It acts as immune inhibitory receptor, but contrary to other proteins with the same function, it does exhibit an ITIM (tyrosine-based inhibitory motif) domain. When bound to CD200 it contributes to the formation of an immunosuppressive TEM (tumor microenvironment), via a Dok1 (docking protein 1), Dok2 and RasGAP dependent mechanism, leading to T cell responses inhibition, NK cell cytotoxicity decrease, potentiation of Treg cell expansion and decrease of other immune responses to cancer cells. In addition to cancer, CD200 is linked to auto-immune disorders, inflammation, infection, graft survival and cancer. Samalizumab, an anti-CD200 monoclonal antibody, has resulted in positive outcomes when used in patients suffering from CLL (chronic lymphocytic leukemia) and MM (multiple myeloma). Inhibiti

CD200RI (cluster of differentiation 200 receptor 1), also known as OX-2R, is a transmembrane glycoprotein. It is found in cells of the myeloid and lymphoid lineage, such as CD4⁺ cells. It acts as immune inhibitory receptor, but contrary to other proteins with the same function, it does exhibit an ITIM (tyrosine-based inhibitory motif) domain. When bound to CD200 it contributes to the formation of an immunosuppressive TEM (tumor microenvironment), via a Dok1 (docking protein 1), Dok2 and RasGAP dependent mechanism, leading to T cell responses inhibition, NK cell cytotoxicity decrease, potentiation of Treg cell expansion and decrease of other immune responses to cancer cells. In addition to cancer, CD200 is linked to auto-immune disorders, inflammation, infection, graft survival and cancer. Samalizumab, an anti-CD200 monoclonal antibody, has resulted in positive outcomes when used in patients suffering from CLL (chronic lymphocytic leukemia) and MM (multiple myeloma). Inhibiti

CERK (ceramide kinase), also known as acylsphingosine kinase, is a protein of the phosphotransferase family involved in ceramide phosphorylation in cell survival and proliferation and support of phagosome formation in leukocytes. It is found mostly in neutrophils, cerebrum granule cells and epithelial lung cells. The human gene includes a RARE (retinoic acid response element)-like transcription motif, which may function to promote expression of CERK in 5H-SY5Y cells when ATRA (all-trans retinoic acid) is present. The phosphorylation of ceramides produces C-1-P (ceramide-1-phosphate), which can help bring cPLA2 (cytosolic phospholipase A2) and CERK together and activate cPLA2. It was found that TPBC (triple-positive breast cancer) and TNBC (triple-negative breast cancer) present CERK dysfunction, and that inhibition of CERK expression or activity could slow down tumor growth. CERK may thus be a promising target in TNBC and TNPC, which currently have very limited therapeutic options.

CERK (ceramide kinase), also known as acylsphingosine kinase, is a protein of the phosphotransferase family involved in ceramide phosphorylation in cell survival and proliferation and support of phagosome formation in leukocytes. It is found mostly in neutrophils, cerebrum granule cells and epithelial lung cells. The human gene includes a RARE (retinoic acid response element)-like transcription motif, which may function to promote expression of CERK in 5H-SY5Y cells when ATRA (all-trans retinoic acid) is present. The phosphorylation of ceramides produces C-1-P (ceramide-1-phosphate), which can help bring cPLA2 (cytosolic phospholipase A2) and CERK together and activate cPLA2. It was found that TPBC (triple-positive breast cancer) and TNBC (triple-negative breast cancer) present CERK dysfunction, and that inhibition of CERK expression or activity could slow down tumor growth. CERK may thus be a promising target in TNBC and TNPC, which currently have very limited therapeutic options.