Results for Histology & Microscopy ( 247 )
Calcein AM solution is used for live cell staining. Calcein AM is the most suitable fluorescent probe for staining viable cells because of its low cytotoxicity. Calcein does not inhibit any cellular functions such as proliferation or chemotaxis of lymophocyte. The excitation and emission wavelengths of calcein are 490 nm and 515 nm, respectively.
CytoRed solution is used for live cell staining. CytoRed is cell membrane permeable and accumulates inside of viable cells as resorufin. CytoRed has a much wider spectrum than BCECF or Calcein, so filters for fluorescein and rhodamine can also be used. The excitation and emission wavelengths of resorufin are 560 nm and 590 nm, respectively.
PI solution is used for dead cell staining. Propidium iodide (PI) is an ethidium bromide analog that emits red fluorescence upon intercalation with double-stranded DNA. PI does not permeate viable cell membranes, but passes through disturbed cell membranes and stains the nuclei. PI is often used in combination with a fluorescein compound, such as Calcein AM or FDA, for simultaneous staining of viable and dead cells. The excitation and emission wavelengths of PI-DNA complex are 535 nm and 615 nm, respectively.
Acridine orange (AO) solution is used as nuclear dye. AO forms a complex with double-stranded DNA to emit green fluorescence, AO also forms a complex with singlestranded DNA or RNA to emit red fluorescence. One molecule of AO intercalates with three base pairs of double-stranded DNA and emits green fluorescence with the maximum wavelength at 526 nm (excitation 502 nm). One molecule of AO can also interact with one phosphate group of single-stranded DNA or RNA to form an aggregated, or stacked, structure that emits red fluorescence with the maximum wavelength at 650 nm (excitation 460 nm)